Salvia (Native Sages)

The genus Salvia, a member of the mint family (Lamiaceae), offers Sonoma County gardeners one of the largest and most versatile groups of plants. With some 900 species throughout the world, 100 can be found growing in the U. S., 89 can be found growing wild in California.

Garden Ornamentals

The name Salvia is derived from the Latin word “salver” (to heal), and many species in the genus have been used for their herbal and medicinal qualities since ancient times. In the modern era, various salvias have become some of the most popular garden ornamentals.

Salvias may be evergreen or deciduous shrubs, perennials, biennials or annuals. All have tubular blossoms, opposite leaves, and square stems that may become round with age.
As with all plants, the Salvia species are identified by the structure of their flowers.
- All have a colorful corolla tube of fused petals with two lips of unequal length.
- The surrounding colorful calyx is also two-lipped. The upper lip may have two or three teeth or it may be undivided.
- Four slender, colored stamens and a central pistil often protrude.
The genus offers a wide range of forms, textured foliage, and vibrantly colored blossoms that combine well with most other plants in the landscape.
Many species attract humming birds, butterflies, and bees, but not deer and rabbits. It is the distinctive pungent odor of their leaves that acts as a repellent to garden pests.

California Natives

In California, native salvias can be found growing along the Pacific Coast, crossing inland valleys and threading their way up our rocky mountain slopes.

These natives are adaptable to almost any garden condition, provided there is plenty of sunshine and excellent drainage. Most can be propagated by either seed or cuttings.
Salvias have often been considered a perfect garden plant. The challenge is to choose the best species and cultivars that are at home in our summer-dry, winter-wet, Mediterranean climate.
Nineteen species have their origins in California, and many water-wise gardeners now want to include these native plants in their landscapes.
Most are drought tolerant once established and rebel at excessive summer irrigation.
They are essential in restoring our wildlife habitats and offer sustainability in this era of climate change.
The following is a list of popular species and their cultivars that are generally available in local nurseries that carry native plants.

Native Salvias for Sonoma County

Botanical Name	Common Name	Growth Habit	Height	Width	Color	Blooms	Comments
*S .apiana*	White or Bee Sage	Coarsely branched	4’	4 x 5’	Lavender	Spring	Bees love foliage
*S .brandegei*	Brandegee Sage	Green, bushy shrub	4-5’	5-7’	Lavender	Spring	Good cut flowers
*S .clevelandii*	Cleveland Sage	Domelike shrub	3-5’	5-8’	Blue-Purple	Summer	Most popular Saliva
*S..clevelandii*	‘Winnifred Gilman’	Compact shrub	3-5’	3’	Blue-Violet	Summer	Intense color, fragrance
*S. clevelandii*	‘Allen Chickering’	Rounded, arching	3-4’	6’	Lavender Blue	Summer	Delightful fragrance
*S. clevelandii*	‘Whirly Blue’	Large shrub	4-5’	6’	Rich Violet	Summer	Large flower whorls
*S .columbariae*	Chia	Erect annual	2”	1’	Amethyst Blue	Spring	Open sunny place
*S.leucophylla*	Bee’s Bliss	Low, round shrub	2-4’	6’	Lavender Pink	Summer	Good under oaks
*S .leucophylla*	‘Figueroa’ Gray Sage	Compact hybrid	3-4’	4’	Lavender Pink	Summer	Good on dry, sunny bank
*S .leucophylla*	‘Amethyst‘ Bluff’	Low mound shrub	5’	10’	Rosy Pink	Summer	Controls erosion
*S. mellifera*	Black Sage	Round, dense shrub	3-5’	3-5’	Pale Lavender	Spring	Nectar for bees
*S. mellifera*	‘Green Carpet’	Evergreen shrub	2’3’	6’	Medium Blue	Spring	Excellent habitat plant
*S. mellifera*	‘Terra Seca’	Upright shrub	2+’	5’	White Lavender	Spring	Ground, wall cover
*S. sonomensis*	Creeping Sage	Forms mat, creeps	8-12”	3-4’	Lavender Blue	Spring	Must have good drainage
*S .sonomensis*	‘Dara’s Choice’	Mounding sage	18”	3’	Dark Purple	Spring	Likes light shade
*S. sonomensis*	‘John Farmer Bowers’	Mat hugs ground	6”	3’	Creamy White	Spring	No summer water
*S. sonomensis*	‘Mrs. Beard’	Hybrid shrub	2’	4-6’	Pale Lavender	Spring	Edges dry beds, paths
*S .spathacea*	Hummingbird Sage	Creeps, forms mats	1-3’	3-4’	Magenta	Spring	Cool sun, part shade
*S. spathacea*	‘Mix Canyon’	Forms broad mats	1-3’	3-4’	Red	Spring	Use as understory
*S. spathacea*	‘Kawatre’	Forms dense clump	1-3’	3-4	Magenta-Red	Spring	Fruity fragrance

September 2023